In recent years, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay has increasingly been applied for detection and identification of tetracycline resistance genes, but there was no report about the distribution of tetracycline resistance genes among Campylobacter isolates in Iran.

The protocol was as follows: 15 min at 95°C; 40 cycles consisting of 10 s at 95°C, 20 s at the annealing temperature and 30 s at 72°C; followed by a final extension of 30 s at 72°C. 2. isolated in effluent from a wastewater treatment plant and sediments in receiver body tet (W) and tet (M) were found in 26 and 7%, respectively, of the Bifidobacterium isolates, and one isolate contained both genes.



The newly recognized plasmid-mediated, antibiotic-resistance gene mediating quinolone resistance seems to function as a target protection system.The most studied determinants of ribosomal protection have been those encoded by the Tet ribosomal protection proteins are encoded by different types of MGEs and are a common cause of acquired tetracycline resistance both in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (it has amino acid sequence similarity to EF-G (which translocates the peptidyl transfer RNA during protein synthesis) and EF-Tu;it has a ribosome-dependent guanosine triphosphatase activity; andit seems to confer resistance by reversible binding to the ribosome.However, to date, the biochemical basis of tetracycline resistance mediated by TetM remains unclear.

The A260/A280 values ranged from 1.8 to 2.0, and A260/230 ranged from 2.2 to 2.5, indicating that the purity of the DNA obtained was high.The above PCR amplification products were analyzed using electrophoresis with a Bio-Rad Gel Doc2000 on 2% agarose gel electrophoresis.
The differences in hydrological conditions and surrounding environmental conditions also probably led to different distribution characteristics of antibiotic and resistance genes in three typical zones of the TGR (riverine, transition, and lacustrine zones). Chromosomal DNA hybridization showed that there was one chromosomal copy of tet (W) and/or tet (M). 51509233, 51679226, 51779240, and 51861125204), Chongqing Science and Technology Commission (No. Tetracyclines have been foundational antibacterial agents for more than 70 years. The DNA extracts were pooled for each sample to reduce sample variability for the following research. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V.URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781437716047002980URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123739605004524URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781455748013000187URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780702062858001386URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978143770310800018XURL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323045797001313URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123739445000079URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079612309179050URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123786302002504URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012374984001367XNonpneumococcal StreptoCOccal Infections, Rheumatic FeverMolecular Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in BacteriaMandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases (Eighth Edition)Stan K. Bardal BSc (Pharm), MBA, PhD, ... Douglas S. Martin PhD, in There are three commonly recognized mechanisms by which Protection of the ribosome from the action of tetracycline as a mechanism of Encyclopedia of Biological Chemistry (Second Edition)These were first discovered in Gram-positive bacteria as elements capable of transmitting Brenner's Encyclopedia of Genetics (Second Edition)ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. TC and OTC were detected at all sampling sites in both sampling seasons.