Cannon, M., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T.E., Harrington, H., Taylor A., & Murray, R.M. Consequently, although there are extensive cross-sectional Others are just becoming known or are still being validated. New data have accumulated, and systematic reviews have enabled us to reevaluate older data. Targeting the changes of the prodrome, by contrast, such as the emergence of odd behaviors or increased suspiciousness, might lower false-positive and false-negative classification errors, but the ability of the intervention protocol to influence the course of the illness might be relatively restricted compared to earlier interventions. This has raised the concern that findings
For example, if total brain volume were lower among a group of schizophrenic patients than it was among a group of well-matched controls, this might indicate that low brain volume is a precursor or predictor of the development of schizophrenia.
A preference for solitary play, poor social confidence, and a generally “schizoid” social development are frequent precursors of schizophrenia. A variety of psychopharmacological compounds may have efficacy in suppressing schizophrenia, including second-generation antipsychotic drugs such as risperidone, antidepressants such as the selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors, mood stabilizers such as lithium and valproate, and antianxiolytics such as benzodiazepines, but few of these have been tested for such a role.
More research is needed on the diagnostic accuracy of these measures when they are used in the general pediatric population before they can be used to screen children for precursors for schizophrenia. Identifying neurocognitive precursors of schizophrenia does advance attempts to develop new somatic treatments for schizophrenia by helping to elucidate the dysfunctional neural networks that underlie this complex disorder.The diagnostic accuracy of the behavior problems and symptoms that are putative precursors of schizophrenia thus far identified in high-risk, birth cohort, and follow-back studies have not been carefully examined. However, this approach would completely obscure the widespread nature of this association, the meaning of which is considered later on in this chapter.There is another finding apparent from Figure 7.4. Selective interventions target those who are at elevated risk based on group-level characteristics that are not directly related to etiology. This absence of the fear of strangers may reflect inadequately developed attachment.
Neuromotor dysfunction in early childhood predicts the presence of attentional impairments under high processing demands during early adolescence. They frequently present with symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or anxiety and depression.A novel approach to using archival data to characterize the premorbid histories of individuals who develop schizophrenia is the use of home movies to identify infant and childhood neuromotor dysfunctions (Walker et al., Table 7.1 shows a consistency across studies of children at risk for schizophrenia, birth cohort studies, and retrospective studies in the presence of motor and language problems during infancy. A number of the measures (including continuous performance tests, partial-report-span-of-apprehension tasks, and secondary verbal memory tests) that are sensitive to subtle neurocognitive impairments in children at risk for schizophrenia in middle childhood and adolescence also detect neurocognitive impairments in children with ADHD and learning disabilities. All the milestones of sitting, standing, walking, and talking were slightly though clearly delayed in those who developed schizophrenia as adults, but there was nothing that would have alarmed parents at the time.
For example, if total brain volume were lower among a group of schizophrenic patients than it was among a group of well-matched controls, this might indicate that low brain volume is a precursor or predictor of the development of schizophrenia.
A preference for solitary play, poor social confidence, and a generally “schizoid” social development are frequent precursors of schizophrenia. A variety of psychopharmacological compounds may have efficacy in suppressing schizophrenia, including second-generation antipsychotic drugs such as risperidone, antidepressants such as the selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors, mood stabilizers such as lithium and valproate, and antianxiolytics such as benzodiazepines, but few of these have been tested for such a role.
More research is needed on the diagnostic accuracy of these measures when they are used in the general pediatric population before they can be used to screen children for precursors for schizophrenia. Identifying neurocognitive precursors of schizophrenia does advance attempts to develop new somatic treatments for schizophrenia by helping to elucidate the dysfunctional neural networks that underlie this complex disorder.The diagnostic accuracy of the behavior problems and symptoms that are putative precursors of schizophrenia thus far identified in high-risk, birth cohort, and follow-back studies have not been carefully examined. However, this approach would completely obscure the widespread nature of this association, the meaning of which is considered later on in this chapter.There is another finding apparent from Figure 7.4. Selective interventions target those who are at elevated risk based on group-level characteristics that are not directly related to etiology. This absence of the fear of strangers may reflect inadequately developed attachment.
Neuromotor dysfunction in early childhood predicts the presence of attentional impairments under high processing demands during early adolescence. They frequently present with symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or anxiety and depression.A novel approach to using archival data to characterize the premorbid histories of individuals who develop schizophrenia is the use of home movies to identify infant and childhood neuromotor dysfunctions (Walker et al., Table 7.1 shows a consistency across studies of children at risk for schizophrenia, birth cohort studies, and retrospective studies in the presence of motor and language problems during infancy. A number of the measures (including continuous performance tests, partial-report-span-of-apprehension tasks, and secondary verbal memory tests) that are sensitive to subtle neurocognitive impairments in children at risk for schizophrenia in middle childhood and adolescence also detect neurocognitive impairments in children with ADHD and learning disabilities. All the milestones of sitting, standing, walking, and talking were slightly though clearly delayed in those who developed schizophrenia as adults, but there was nothing that would have alarmed parents at the time.