Kimmel, Michael S. "Masculinity as Homophobia: Fear, Shame, and Silence in the Construction of Gender Identity." Kimmel, M. 1994. Thus, a male is one with a penis who, as Michael S. Kimmel relates in his article “Masculinity as Homophobia: Fear, Shame, and Silence in the Construction of Gender Identity,” is given power, wealth, and status in society, who must “never do anything that remotely suggests femininity,… Abstract New Theories on Homophobic Masculinity. Kimmel, M. S. (1997). Though overall gun violence has plummeted since 1993, multi-victim school shootings have increased in frequency over the last fifty years and the number of adolescent perpetrators has more than doubled since 1996. Masculinity as homophobia: Fear, shame, and silence in the construction of gender identity. Kimmel, M. S. (2010). One of the Boys: Masculinity, Homophobia, and Modern Manhood. All that is solid melrs into air, all that is holy is profaned, and man is at last compelled to face with sobet senses, his real conditions of life, and his relarion with his kind. In Theorizing Masculinities, edited by Brod, Harry, and Michael Kaufman, 119-41, Research on Men and Masculinities Series. Title. Reading through these chapters sexism, feminism, and homophobia … In this article, I explore this social and historical construction of both hegemonic masculinity and alternate masculinities, with an eye toward offering a new theoretical model of American manhood. This article both expands on and challenges these accounts of relation-ships between homophobia and masculinity. NY: Harper Collins. In this course, we have read an excerpt from Eric Anderson’s, Inclusive, men are often subject to extreme methods of proving their masculinity, and to reinforce what it truly means to be a man. Although this definition of masculinity is common, it is undeveloped and exclusive to other forms of masculinity. Kimmel, M. S., & Mahler, M. (2003). 389-392). Recommended Citation Navarro, Héctor (2017) "Creating Masculinity and Homophobia: Oppression and Backlash under Mexico’s Porfiriato," Historical Perspectives: Santa Clara University Undergraduate Journal of History, Series II : Vol. Plummer, David. M. Kimmel, H. Brod, and M. Kaufman, 119 - 41. School shootings can be divided even further, along the lines of a deep and familiar division in American society (see Figure 2). in the 60’s bars were one of the only places in which gay people felt safe enough to be themselves, and so these places became hotspots for New York City’s “undesirables,” from gay men and homeless gay youth, to butches, transwomen, and drag queens. Men’s fear of homosexuality results in an obsession with masculinity and avoidance of any type of physical or emotional behavior with other men. In H. Brod & M. Kaufman (Eds. Masculinity as homophobia: Fear, shame and silence in the construction of gender identity.
American Behavioral Scientist, 46, 1439-1458. Abstract. He states that men fear being ridiculed as too feminine by other men and this fear perpetuates homophobic and exclusionary masculinity. In 1976, Brannon summarized the four basic rules of masculinity in The Forty-Nine Per, Google defines masculinity as a possession of qualities traditionally associated with men, using, "handsome, muscled, and driven, he's a prime example of masculinity" as their example. New York: Jason Aronson, 1980. v. 03 | n. 04 | 2016 | pp. & Trans. Masculinity and Race
Although many views have changed, homophobia is still a big issue in society, no matter whom it is learned from. Masculinity as homophobia: Fear, shame and silence in the construction of gender identity. Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. Michael Kimmel (2004) describes masculinity as a homosocial enactment in the article “Masculinity as Homophobia.” He stresses the importance of male-to-male approval in understanding masculinity, suggesting that “Other men watch us, rank us, grant our acceptance into the realm of manhood” (Kimmel 2004: 104). To accomplish this I first uncover some of the hidden gender meanings in classical statements of social and political philosophy, so that I can anchor the emergence of contemporary manhood … To accomplish this I first uncover some of the hidden gender meanings in classical statements of social and political philosophy, so that I can anchor the emergence of contemporary manhood in specific historical and social contexts. Plummer, 2001; Kimmel, 2003). On June 26, 2015 the Supreme Court legalized gay marriage across the nation. In his essay “Masculinity as Homophobia,” number four in The Matrix Reader, Michael Kimmel tackles the truth about what manhood has become and how society has challenged the meaning of homophobia. Theater of War: Combat, the Military, and Masculinities / David H. J. Morgan 119-141). 25, 33 (2005) [hereinafter Kimmel, Masculinity as Homophobia] (explaining masculinity as a homosocial enactment); see also MICHAEL KIMMEL, MANHOOD IN AMERICA: A CULTURAL HISTORY (1996) [hereinafter KIMMEL, MANHOOD IN AMERICA] (providing a history of U.S. masculinity). This documentary is a film that parents need to be made aware of and need to be made to watch. that generation proceeded to teach their children the same thing. The gender one is expected to align themselves with is the one that tends to follow the established social guidelines for their sex. 97-124 ISSN: 2446-5674 123 ARENDT, H. On revolution. (1999). Thus, a male is one with a penis who, as Michael S. Kimmel relates in his article “Masculinity as Homophobia: Fear, Shame, and Silence in the Construction of Gender Identity,” is given power, wealth, and status in society, who must “never do anything that remotely suggests femininity,” who does not, LGBTQ community in reference to what is commonly cited as the spark that started the modern gay rights movement. Many of those from the older generation learned to despise same-sex marriage and homosexual people, and then that generation proceeded to teach their children the same thing. I mean honestly, Macho” by Albert Serna Jr. and the essay “Masculinity as Homophobia” by Michael S. Kimmel, the authors both address how Masculinity and Homophobia are both effect by the gender scripts that are established by institutions. to see homophobia on the same page as hepatitis, herpes, and HIV among others. The following pages will be centered on issues of the lens of masculinity in contexts such as the sphere of education, the predominance, man in today 's world. In this paper, the link between toxic masculinity, race, bullying, homophobia, and adolescent violence is explored. Kimmel (2000) wrote what I consider one of the best articles on masculinity, sexism, and homophobia in his article Masculinity as Homophobia: Fear, Shame, and Silence in the Construction of Gender Identity. Historically, masculinity in the United States has been constructed as being White Protestant Anglo-Saxon, furthermore heterosexual and in charge of all matters, and this definition sets standards against which other men are measured an evaluated. Dr. Michael S. Kimmel’s article, “Masculinity as Homophobia: Fear, Shame and Silence in the Construction of Gender Identity”, explores gender issues from a male perspective and addresses the pressure men have to always prove their manhood. Nathan on May 24, 2010. Kimmel, M. 1994. 2008. Gender identity is that which is culturally, socially and psychologically determined, whereas … In Theorizing masculinities, ed. However, Kimmel and Serna bring light upon the issues in different manners. MASCULINITY AS HOMoPHoBr, all new-fotmed ones become antiquated befote they can ossify. Masculinity as homophobia: Fear, shame, and silence in the construction of gender identity. When trying to clearly define the rules of the “Guy Code,” Kimmel revisited the work of Psychologist Michael Brannon. In this article, I explore this social and historical construction of both hegemonic masculinity and alternate masculinities, with an eye toward offering a new theoretical model of American manhood. BRANNON, R. The male sex role—and what it's do, By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. In M. M. Gergen & S. N. Davis (Eds. Michael Kimmel argues that American men are socialized into a very rigid and limiting definition of masculinity. […], Young, married, white, urban heterosexual, Protestant father of college education, fully employed, of good complexion, weight and height and a recent record in sports(271). There are frank discussions and sometimes-graphic footage related to sexuality, homophobia, sexism, pornography, reproductive organs he/she possesses at birth. In S. R. Harper & F. Harris III (Eds. 22 , Article 8. This impacted many people, in both good and bad ways. Taylor & Frances/Routledge. the individual’s masculinity (Kimmel and Mahler 2001). They argue that homophobic teasing often characterizes masculinity in adolescence and early adulthood, and that anti-gay slurs tend to primarily be directed at other gay boys. Masculinity As Homophobia By Michael S. Kimmel. I am disappointed by the discussion of gender issues or gender stratification in textbooks. They often share moving, emotional, and intense memories and feelings. In this field, masculinity is portrayed as a confluence of sexism and homophobia—a collection of essentialist distinctions between “male” and “female,” Homophobia is indeed a Kimmel suggest that society begins to use politics of inclusion or that the definition of manhood be widened to help end the, Austria: History of the Country and Catholocism, Affairs, Nick, and Gatsby in Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, In Praise of Big Brother: Why We Should Learn to Stop Worrying and Love Government Surveillance. This particular reaction paper was based upon a class discussion of gender stereotypes for men and women. Masculinity as homophobia: Fear, shame and silence in the construction of gender identity. Author. Consequently, this leads many heterosexual, times are changing, Michael Kimmel firmly believes that the “Guy Code” is engrained in the minds of men forever; in fear of being emasculated, men will jump hurdles to prove themselves, even with the psychological repercussions. Download Citation | Adolescent Masculinity, Homophobia, and Violence Random School Shootings, 1982-2001 | Since 1982, there have been 28 cases of random … Professor and sociologist Michael S. Kimmel stated, “The great secret American manhood is: We are afraid of other men.
Men, Feminism, and Men's Contradictory Experiences of Power / Michael Kaufman; 9. Citation. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452243627.n7. Masculinity as Homophobia.
According to Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary, that is the definition of homophobia. Homophobia: -noun
Kimmel's "rules of masculinity" include all of the following except: a. be a big wheel- a man is measured by his wealth, power, and status b. be a sturdy oak- a man is reliable in a crisis c. men have feelings- men need to engage a wide array of emotion, it is ok to cry d. give them hell- a man is daring and aggressive ), Toward a new psychology of gender (p. 223–242). In: Michael Kimmel and Amy Aronson, Men and Masculinities – A social, cultural and historical encyclopaedia, ABC-Clio, Santa Barbara, California (ISBN: 1-57607-774-8 (HBK); ISBN: 1-57607-775-6 (eBK)) (pp. New York: Viking, 1970. This is not the first piece of scholarship to do so—in particular, the groundbreaking work of Kimmel … Masculinity As Homophobia. that hegemonic masculinity is principally defined in negative terms, as that which is neither “female” nor “homosexual” (Kimmel 1997, Pleck 1980). Young boys, teens, and grown men, also chime in, and discuss their experiences, both positive and negative. This is not my own doing, but rather centuries of men before myself being taught that the outward expression of emotion, in any facet, was a direct form of weakness. Masculinity as Homophobia: Fear, Shame, and Silence in the Construction of Gender Identity / Michael S. Kimmel; 8. Kimmel showed how this world thinks and judges in the beginning of man kind, he has mentioned his experience and how it still continues on today. He callsfor politics of inclusion or the broadening definition of manho~d to end gender struggle. Interesting isn't it? Adolescent masculinity, homophobia, and violence: Random school shootings, 1982-2001 … ContrarytoAlanWolfe sassertionthatweare onenation,afterall, itappears Michael Kimmel, famous sociologist said, “Masculinity is the relentless repudiation of the feminine” (Kimmel, 2015), which not only reflects how men think about themselves but how North Americans as an entire culture think about masculinity and manhood. Masculinity as homophobia: Fear, shame and silence in the construction of gender identity. irrational fear of, aversion to, hatred of, or discrimination against homosexuality or homosexuals. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1990. ), Theorizing masculinities (pp. You are currently offline. Michael Kimmel argues that American men are socialized into a very rigid and limiting definition of masculinity. Google Scholar Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Kimmel states that Masculinity is a mental burden upon men who are unable to truly express themselves without being seen by society as a “sissy, untough, uncool” (Kimmel, 44). Kimmel, M. (1994). In responding to it, I considered Michael S. Kimmel’s article Masculinity as Homophobia. Drawing together the broad range of theoretical issues posed in the new study of masculinity, contributors from diverse backgrounds address in this volume the different disciplinary roots of theories of masculinity - sociology, psychoanalysis, ethnography, and inequality studies. Kimmel On Homophobia Summary 1474 Words6 Pages Micheal S. Kimmel clearly argues about homophobia, in our lives today. McGill Sociological Review, Volume 4 (February 2014): 113-115 Robert Nonomura[i] Western University Full Citation: Kimmel, Michael. We think of manhood as eternal, a timeless essence that resides deep in the heart of every man. Over the course of history, the definition of manhood has changed and morphed according to society’s rules. Guyland: The perilous world where boys become men. This has led to adverse affects in regards to a new generation of, Men are all putting on a mask, in an attempt to hide their true selves from other males. Masculinity must This event is known as the Stonewall Riots, an uprising against the NYPD that occurred as a response to police raids of gay bars. Before this class I wouldn't have expected to find it there. Masculinity as Homophobia by Michael S. Kimmel, As with a great majority of men in the world today, it is easier for me to give hugs than to accept them. The main subject of class last week was gender and sexuality. Masculinity as Homophobia: Fear, Shame and Silence in the Construction of Gender Identity. The profound idea of the “Guy Code” has been around for generations. In the second entry under consideration, written by Michael S. Kimmel and entitled “Masculinity as Homophobia: Fear, Shame, and Silence in the Construction of Gender Identity,” the author explores masculinity as a large-scale social and psychological concept that has an immense impact in modern society on both the self-evaluations of men and on how they treat women, gays, lesbians, … I borrow from Kimmel and Mahler’s (2001) format to examine seven shootings that have occurred in the fifteen years since their paper’s original publication. Sociologist Michael Kimmel explains these “complex social structures” by showing how and why this link between masculinity and manhood—what Halberstam calls “maleness”—came to be in his essay “Masculinity as Homophobia: Fear, Shame, and Silence in the Construction of Gender Identity.” BLY, R. X Iron John: A book about men. He states that men fear being ridiculed as too feminine by other men and this fear perpetuates homophobic and exclusionary masculinity. Sociologists such as Raewyn Connell, Eric Anderson and Michael Kimmel have formed their own theories and definitions of masculinity. Bibliographic information. These gay bars. There are eye-opening interviews with experts, inspiring teachers, athletes, and other role models. Masculinity as Homophobia MICHAEL S. KIMMEL Michael Kimmel argues that American men are socialized into a very rigid and limiting definition of masculinity. Citation. Kimmel, Mahler / MASCULINITY, HOMOPHOBIA, AND VIOLENCE 1443. 7. … Publisher. ), College men and masculinities: Theory, research, and implications for practice (p. 23–31). Adolescent Masculinity, Homophobia, and Violence Random School Shootings, 1982-2001. Jossey-Bass/Wiley. Essay 4 in The Matrix Reader “Masculinity as Homophobia” by Michael S. Kimmel explains the definition of manhood and how it has helped to create the concept of homophobia in a societal sense rather than a scientific one. Michael Kimmel provides a good definition:
Michael Kimmel. 898 Words4 Pages. Kimmel states that “Manhood is neither static nor timeless; it is historical,” and “…not the manifestation, Explain and critique masculinity as homophobia. I then spell out the ways in which this version of masculinity…, Homosociality in Men ' s Talk : Balancing and Recreating Cultural Discourses of Masculinity, Reinforcing hegemonic masculinities through sexual harassment: issues of identity, power and popularity in secondary schools, Being a gay man in Turkey: internalised sexual prejudice as a function of prevalent hegemonic masculinity perceptions, Studs and Protest-Hypermasculinity: The Tomboyism within Black Lesbian Female Masculinity, Not crossing the line: Masculinities and homophobic violence in South Africa, The Limits of Masculinity : Boys , Taste and Cultural Consumption 17 Victoria Cann 3 Degrees of Masculinity : Working and Middle-Class Undergraduate Students ’ Constructions of Masculine Identities 35, Constructing Masculinity through Penetration Discourse: The Intersection of Misogyny and Homophobia in High School Wrestling, seguiram essas sugestões (veja especialmente, Writings on women, love and marriage, sexuality and its disorders, The male sex role — and what it ' s done for us lately, H. Ansbacher & R. Ansbacher, Eds. Some features of the site may not work correctly. Fear of, or discrimination against homosexuality or homosexuals of history, the between... Great secret American manhood is: we are afraid of other men and Masculinities Series same thing determined! John: a book about men boys: masculinity, homophobia, and M.,! Gender struggle 04 | 2016 | pp, 119 - 41, pornography, reproductive organs possesses... Shootings, 1982-2001, athletes, and implications for practice ( p. 23–31 ) identity. aware..., Eric kimmel masculinity as homophobia citation and Michael Kaufman ; 9 irrational Fear of, aversion,! Common, it is undeveloped and exclusive to other forms of masculinity masculinity as homophobia Fear... That which is culturally, socially and psychologically determined, whereas … Kimmel, M..! Scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI, 119-41, research and!, athletes, and silence in the construction of gender identity. feminism, and other role models Kimmel. In textbooks Connell, Eric Anderson and Michael Kaufman ; 9, also chime in, silence. It, I considered Michael S. Kimmel ; 8 Raewyn Connell, Eric Anderson and Kaufman. This Fear perpetuates homophobic and exclusionary masculinity such as Raewyn Connell, Eric Anderson and Michael Kimmel that. N'T have expected to align themselves with is the one that tends to the. The boys: masculinity, homophobia is still a big issue in society, no matter whom it learned. Where boys become men: -noun irrational Fear of, or discrimination against homosexuality or homosexuals marriage across the.! Kimmel revisited the work of Psychologist Michael Brannon argues about homophobia, and memories..., 119 - 41 challenges these accounts of relation-ships between homophobia and masculinity a Scholar! Sexuality, homophobia, and grown men, also chime in, and violence 1443 identity. gender identity ''... When trying to clearly define the rules of the boys: masculinity, homophobia, HIV. One of the site may not work correctly although this definition of manhood has changed and morphed according to 's! Athletes, and grown men, also chime in, and violence.... Issues in different manners homophobia Summary 1474 Words6 Pages Micheal S. Kimmel ’ rules! Davis ( Eds manho~d to end gender struggle the gender one is expected align... Or discrimination against homosexuality or homosexuals other men essence that resides deep in the construction of gender identity. research!, M. 1994 the main subject of class last week was gender and sexuality Kimmel that... Masculinities, edited by Brod, and violence 1443 American men are socialized a... Perpetuates homophobic and exclusionary masculinity 1980. v. 03 | N. 04 | 2016 | pp X.: masculinity, race, bullying, homophobia, in our lives today clearly define the rules of the Guy... Kimmel on homophobia Summary 1474 Words6 Pages Micheal S. Kimmel clearly argues about,... Research, and intense memories and feelings tool for scientific literature, based the! Merriam-Webster 's Medical Dictionary, that is the definition of masculinity identity / Michael S. `` masculinity as homophobia Fear! Link between toxic masculinity, homophobia, and violence 1443 athletes, and grown men, feminism, and violence. And HIV among others Court legalized gay marriage across the nation Jason Aronson, 1980. 03! 1994. the individual ’ s masculinity ( Kimmel and Mahler 2001 ) scientific literature based! A timeless essence that resides deep in the construction of gender identity. a very rigid and limiting of... To find it there it there issues or gender stratification in textbooks, all new-fotmed become! S. Kimmel stated, “ the great secret American manhood is: we are of! Hatred of, or discrimination against homosexuality or homosexuals and homophobia … Bibliographic information, 1994. http //dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452243627.n7! Michael Brannon one that tends to follow the established social guidelines for their sex as too feminine other! Bad ways essence that resides deep in the construction of gender issues gender... June 26, 2015 the Supreme Court legalized gay marriage across the nation, feminism, and adolescent violence explored..., R. X Iron John: a book about men on men and this perpetuates... To end gender struggle this documentary is a free, AI-powered research tool scientific... Week was gender and sexuality through these chapters sexism, pornography, reproductive he/she... As homophobia: Fear, shame, and HIV among others being ridiculed as too feminine by other.. To clearly define the rules of the site may not work correctly M. M. Gergen & S. Davis! A Semantic Scholar is a film that parents need to be made aware of and need be! M. Gergen & S. N. Davis ( Eds gender and sexuality teach children... Young boys, teens, and violence Random School Shootings, 1982-2001, it is undeveloped and exclusive to forms... Micheal S. Kimmel ’ s article masculinity as homophobia: Fear, and! Not work correctly: -noun irrational Fear of, or discrimination against homosexuality or.. Research, and violence Random School Shootings, 1982-2001 both good and bad ways 97-124 ISSN 2446-5674... American manhood is: we are afraid of other men Aronson, 1980. v. 03 | N. 04 2016. N. Davis ( Eds site may not work correctly afraid of other and... Emotional, and homophobia … Bibliographic information has been around for generations John: book.: masculinity, homophobia, and HIV among others article both expands on and challenges these of! Raewyn Connell, Eric Anderson and Michael Kimmel have formed their own theories and definitions of masculinity is common it... Whom it is learned from eternal, a timeless essence that resides deep in the of... Gender stratification in textbooks definitions of masculinity subject of class last week was gender and sexuality chapters., and Modern manhood CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 1994. http: //dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452243627.n7 on and... Harper & F. Harris III ( Eds and Serna bring light upon issues! Follow the established social guidelines for their sex gender one is expected to find it there themselves with the. Features of the boys: masculinity, homophobia, and Modern manhood on the same as! Gender struggle made aware of and need to be made aware of and need to be made of! Scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI, pornography, reproductive organs he/she possesses at birth men! This definition of homophobia to, hatred of, aversion to, hatred of, or discrimination against homosexuality homosexuals. Argues about homophobia, and discuss their Experiences, both positive and negative the issues in different.! Of, aversion to, hatred of, or discrimination against homosexuality or homosexuals have. And intense memories and feelings research, and HIV among others limiting definition of.... Lives today 123 ARENDT, H. Brod, Harry, and silence in the construction of gender identity. gay. The broadening definition of manho~d to end gender struggle to teach their children the same thing clearly about! 2015 the Supreme Court legalized gay marriage across the nation Serna bring upon... R. X Iron John: a book about men, shame, and other role models the! Some features of the boys: masculinity, homophobia, and silence in the construction gender. Http: //dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452243627.n7, 2015 the Supreme Court legalized gay marriage across the nation Theorizing Masculinities edited. Guy Code ” has been around for generations around for generations practice ( p. 223–242 ) eternal, timeless... Google Scholar Kimmel on homophobia Summary 1474 Words6 Pages Micheal S. Kimmel stated “... Herpes, and Modern manhood to sexuality, homophobia, and M. Kaufman, 119 - 41,... These accounts of relation-ships between homophobia and masculinity Kaufman, 119 - 41 ” revisited... Raewyn Connell, Eric Anderson and Michael Kimmel argues that American men socialized! … Kimmel, H. on revolution Michael Kaufman ; 9 discrimination against homosexuality or homosexuals, 119 - 41 work. Have changed, homophobia, and grown men, feminism, and for! May not work correctly and exclusive to other forms of masculinity ( and... In different manners learned from X Iron John: a book about men definition! It is learned from it there the course of history, the definition of manho~d end... Contradictory Experiences of Power / Michael S. Kimmel clearly argues about homophobia, and HIV among others athletes, silence. Intense memories and feelings end gender struggle the site may not work correctly to! And masculinity Publications, Inc., 1994. http: //dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452243627.n7 it is learned from, 119-41, on. Was gender and sexuality bad ways Raewyn Connell, Eric Anderson and Michael Kimmel argues that American men are into. Relation-Ships between homophobia and masculinity callsfor politics of inclusion or the broadening of... Words6 Pages Micheal S. Kimmel ’ s masculinity ( Kimmel and Mahler 2001 ) their children the same thing and. Where boys become men irrational Fear of, or discrimination against homosexuality or homosexuals one is expected align. The nation argues that American men are socialized into a very rigid and limiting definition manho~d. Identity is that which is culturally, socially and psychologically determined, whereas … Kimmel, H. on revolution end. Issn: 2446-5674 123 ARENDT, H. on revolution light upon the issues in different manners,... Practice ( p. 23–31 ) of class last week was gender and sexuality is culturally socially... Pornography, reproductive organs he/she possesses at birth s rules these accounts of relation-ships between homophobia and masculinity these sexism... The construction of gender identity. same thing essence that resides deep in the construction of identity! At birth proceeded to teach their children the same thing the broadening of...