yakov sverdlov cause of death

Yakov Mikhalovich Sverdlov was born in Nizhny Novgorod, a big city (called Gorky from 1932-990) about 400 kilometers east of Moscow. Haaretz.com, the online English edition of Haaretz Newspaper in Israel, gives you breaking news, analyses and opinions about Israel, the Middle East and the Jewish World. His forgeries were so good the police could never tell one of his fakes from the real article. He did not have the name of General Secretary, a name which was then not yet invented, but he was that in reality. Eventually tiring of the combative Sverdlov, they expelled him after finishing only five grades. Born in Nizhny Novgorod to a … Sverdlov died of an infectious illness in 1919 and was buried on Moscow’s Red Square. Yakov, one of six children, was around 15 when his mother, Elizaveta Solomonova, died. During his first years in prison, Sverdlov was allowed time to read and educate himself. After the February 1917 revolution, Sverdlov returned to St. Petersburg, the capital. After he was expelled from school, Sverdlov found work as an apprentice in a pharmacist’s shop in the township of Kanavin near Nizhny Novgorod. Additionally irksome was that Stalin’s dog was called Yashka, a diminutive nickname for Yakov. Many eyewitnesses said that Lenin merely put forward theories of the revolution, leaving Sverdlov to apply them in practice. While in Oryol he got he was a victim of the influenza epidemicthat was spreading all of Europe.Yakov Sverdlov died, aged thirty-three, on 16th March, 1919. Yakov Sverdlov was one of the key figures behind the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, an ally of Lenin, and the official head of the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic for a short time. In the 1920s, Blumkin had become friends with Leon Trotsky, assisting with his writing and pestering him to fund a literary journal. It was only after his death that Stalin, the person who had a negative relationship with Sverdlov during their time in exile in Siberia, began to rise to the highest echelons of power. Close to the day of the Bolshevik Revolution, he supervised the actions of the Russian Provisional Government members (On the first day of the uprising they were arrested in their residence in the Winter Palace). He was a very thin individual on top of that. ... following the example of his close friend Sverdlov, he joined the Bolsheviks. The Sverdlov family had six children: two daughters (Sophia and Sara) and four sons (Zinovy, Yakov, Veniamin, and Lev). He was a loyal ally of Lenin and an excellent manager of the party. Welcome! They lived in Nizhni Novgorod. On 14 March 1919 Sverdlov lost consciousness and on the 16th he died at the age of 33. All rights reserved. In the spread of the civil war and the epidemic, mowing people down right and left, the Party hardly realized the weight of this loss. It has been documented that the order to assassinate the imperial family came from Yakov Sverdlovin Moscow and had been initiated by Lenin himself. Kremlin doctors diagnosed him with the Spanish flu. In 1903, when the party was divided into the moderate Mensheviks and more radical Bolsheviks, Sverdlov decided to join the Bolshevik faction. A colleague and another organizer of the execution of the Imperial family, Yakov Sverdlov, described Goloshchekin as follows: “I stayed with Goloshchekin for several days, things are bad with … He was a close ally of Vladimir Lenin and until 1919 he was the official head of the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic. In 1919 Sverdlov toured the country making speeches encouraging people to support the Bolsheviksin the struggle against the White Army. He took an active part in the propaganda campaign against Russia’s participation in WWI, the Bolsheviks calling the conflict “imperialistic”. There are still many versions of Sverdlov’s mysterious death on March, 16, 1919. Yurovsky, on the contrary, was shown as a devoted person who would do anything for the cause he believed in – making ordinary people’s lives better. But later on, their relationship became significantly strained, and they often had quarrels. Sverdlov died in Moscow, on March 16, 1919. Along with Felix Dzerzhinsky, he was the head of the Central Committee's military commission. Historians are divided over Sverdlov’s role in the Romanovs’ execution in Yekaterinburg on July 16, 1918. Two died after falling from a roof, while the other two were burned to death in a fire. The Sverdlov family had six children: two daughters (Sophia and Sara) and four sons (Zinovy, Yakov, Veniamin, and Lev). Monument to Yakov Sverdlov, established on Lenin Avenue in 1925. Pictured: Romanov family in Tobolsk In The Last Czars, a 2019 show by Netflix, Yurovsky, portrayed by Duncan Pow, plays a crucial role as an antagonist to Nicholas II. He also pushed for Russia to negotiate the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which allowed it to sue for peace in World War I, and was behind many acts of violence against supporters of the czar. Yakov Sverdlov was born in 1885 in the city of Nizhny Novgorod into the family of a Jewish engraver. He is buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis, in Moscow. From then on, he always displayed his ardent support for Vladimir Lenin. ... 2 thoughts on “ Yakov Blumkin: The Incredible Life and Death of the Soviet James … Photos of Revolutionary Russia #23 Yakov Sverdlov in his office, 1918 -- Photos of Revolutionary Russia #23 Sverdlov was chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and head of state of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic until his death in March 1919 as a result of the Spanish flu at age 33. At the beginning of their time together, both of them were quite tolerant of each other. Others say that he died of tuberculosis (that was Stalin’s version, which suited him because it portrayed Sverdlov as a martyr who caught the dangerous disease in exile). He returned to Petrograd in June and he was a key figure in organizing the subversive activities of Vladimir Lenin against the provisional government. At the beginning of October he personally recruited people for the revolutionary committee. In 1906 he was arrested for the first of 14 times, repeatedly escaping and being recaptured. In 1924 the city of Yekaterinburg in the Urals, where he had performed much of his early party work, was renamed Sverdlovsk in his honour. your username. Log into your account. Up to the spring of 1919 the chief organizer of the Party had been Sverdlov. (The city reverted to its original name in 1991.) Top Bolshevik Yakov Sverdlov - who specifically ordered the killing of the last tsar - was also Jewish, say supporters of the theory. Background Lived: 1885-1919. After the short-lived 1905 revolution against the czarist regime, he became a political organizer in the Ural mountains. All rights reserved. In 1924 the city of Ekaterinburg was renamed into Sverdlovsk. After her death, Moishe converted himself and his children to Russian Orthodoxy before remarrying. He realized that he had lost his biggest ally in the power struggle within Bolshevik circles. He was found guilty during the show trial and executed by a firing squad on 25 August. He is sometimes regarded as the first head of state of the Soviet Union although it was not established until 1922, three years after his death. In the critical period before the Bolsheviks seized power, Sverdlov was instrumental in shutting down the Russian parliament. An official version is that Sverdlov died of influenza in Oryol during the 1918 flu pandemic, while returning to Moscow from Kharkiv during one of his political trips and got a flu during one of his outdoor speeches. “Andrey”, “Max”, Smirnov", "Permyakov". Another version is that he died of tuberculosis. In 1924, however, Soviet newspapers condemned the … This photo is sometimes incorrectly dated as from 1919. Sverdlov died in Moscow, on March 16, 1919. An official version is that Sverdlov died of influenza in Oryol during the 1918 flu pandemic, while returning to Moscow from Kharkiv during one of his political trips and got a flu during one of his outdoor speeches. Many times he protested against the school regulations, which irritated many of his tutors. He was elected chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets in January 1918 and secretary of the Bolshevik Party the following year. In 1991, Russian President Boris Yelstin who was born in that part of the country returned the city’s original name. Yakov Sverdlov was the formal head of state of the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic. The same year he and his wife Elizaveta Schmidt had their daughter, Elena. Some researchers are sure that he died of influenza which he caught in the city of Oryol on one of his business trips. As of August 1917, Sverdlov controlled the organizational bureau of the Central Committee and its secretariat. There Yakov came into contact with workers who always shared stories about the hardships of their everyday life, and Sverdlov eventually spoke to his father about his revolutionary ideas. The emperor was (according to the show) a kind but weak man who didn’t want to reign in the first place. During one of his successful escapes in 1912, he managed to get to St. Petersburg, where he became a member of the Bolshevik Party Central Committee. Controversial aspects of Sverdlov's life are either completely ignored, e.g. ... Death In March 1919, Sverdlov was on a trip near Oryol. The Sverdlov Communist University was a school for Soviet activists in Moscow, founded in 1918 as the Central School for Soviet and Party Work.After the death of the Bolshevik leader Yakov Sverdlov, the institution was named after him. Already close to party head Lenin, he now worked in lockstep with him in subverting Alexander Kerensky’s provisional government. He is buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis, in Moscow. Many historians however tend to believe that his death was not linked to illness, despite the fact that his health was failing. There, he was in charge of the men’s kitchen at Birkenau and later of the Jews who arrived in transports at the train platforms and were sent to the crematoria. On April 30, 1896, at the age of 11, Sverdlov was admitted into the first grade of the Nizhny Novgorod Provincial Gymnasium. In July 1918 he co-signed Lenin's execution order condemning Czar Nicholas II and the royal family to death by firing squad. Sverdlov birth record.jpg 960 × 313; 29 KB. Yakov, born in 1907, was the son of Stalin’s first wife, Ekaterina Svanidze. Yekaterinburg was renamed Sverdlovsk, in his memory, in 1924. According to one version, it was after contracting influenza on a political trip to Kharkiv, while a second version holds that he was killed by anti-Semitic workers in Oryol, in the Urals, and the crime was covered up by the authorities. Even as his illness progressed, he continued to perform his duties as chairman of the Central Committee. When it split the next year he joined the more radical, Bolshevik side of the Menshevik-Bolshevikdivision. June 3, 1885 is the birthdate of Yakov Sverdlov, the Bolshevik agitator who helped Vladimir Lenin to realize his vision and was even briefly the head of state of the Russian Soviet Socialist Federal Republic. However, in 1913 Sverdlov’s whereabouts were discovered by police agent Roman Malinovsky. In 1913, after yet another arrest, Sverdlov was sent into internal exile in Turukhansk, in Eastern Siberia, sharing a home with fellow Bolshevik Joseph Stalin. And as Stalin succeeded Sverdlov in his post, there has also been speculation that he engineered his colleague’s murder. Today, it is once again Yekaterinburg. My Favorite Murder is the hit true crime comedy podcast hosted by Karen Kilgariff and Georgia Hardstark. Yakov Sverdlov. He feels shocked by her enchanting beauty. Perhaps Yakov Sverdlov’s stint as top Bolshevik was dimmed in memory by his untimely death at age 33, under very mysterious circumstances indeed. Yakov’s father was a Jewish engraver who also secretly traded with false documents and arms. Peter Carl Faberge was a world famous master jeweler and head of the ‘House of Faberge’ in Imperial Russia in the waning days of the Russian Empire. Lazar Kaganovich was a Soviet statesman and Stalin’s right hand man at one point, but was later expelled from the Communist Party by Khrushchev. Nikita Khrushchev, the Soviet leader, who succeeded Stalin and exposed his personality cult, bringing the famous "Khrushchev thaw" to the country. It is worth recalling that the blood of Tsar Nicholas II was spilled by Yurovsky. Tata encounters a tomboyish, yet powerful girl named Yakov Sverdlov. One day, he and Yakov attend the party. He personally supervised the process of sending telegrams all over the country with the news that the Bolsheviks had taken power in Russia. He is buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis, in Moscow. An official version is that Sverdlov died of influenza in Oryol during the 1918 flu pandemic, while returning to Moscow from Kharkiv during one of his political trips and got a flu during one of his outdoor speeches [ citation needed ]. ... Goloshchekin was shot near Samara. His young age notwithstanding, Yakov developed an intense desire to devote all his energy to defending the rights of the working class. His mother died a few months later, and he was raised by his maternal uncle, who urged him to acquire higher education. After his wife's death in 1900, Mikhail converted with his family to the Russian Orthodox Church, married Maria Aleksandrovna Kormiltseva, and had two more sons, Herman and Alexander. Yakov Sverdlov in his office, 1918 -- Photos of Revolutionary Russia... #23 Sverdlov was chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and head of state of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic until his death in March 1919 as a result of the Spanish flu at age 33. Vladimir Lenin was the guiding spirit of the Soviet Republic, leader of the Bolshevik Party and the mastermind of the 1917 October Revolution. At Sverdlov’s funeral, held in the Necropolis close to the Kremlin wall, Lenin spoke for 2 hours about key issues every revolutionary had to keep in mind. In 1906 Sverdlov was arrested for his illegal activity for the first time. He travelled to Moscow, learned Russian … By that time, the home of the Sverdlovs in Nizhny Novgorod was used as a hiding-place for visiting revolutionaries, and the half-century old idea of toppling the monarchy was gaining popularity in the region. This is only a few of the false names and pseudonyms used by Yakov Sverdlov during his underground revolutionary activity in various parts of Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. © Autonomous Nonprofit Organization “TV-Novosti”, 2005–2021. Yeltsin put an end to the USSR, becoming the first president of the post-Soviet Russia. … This model of casual violence also contributed to Blumkin’s own death. Yury Andropov was a Soviet politician and General Secretary of the Communist Party from November 1982 until his untimely death just 16 months later. his first marriage (he abandoned his wife and daughter), or fictionalized (his relations with Stalin). Sverdlov took part in the 1905 Russian Revolution. In the fall of 1917, it was Yakov Sverdlov who was responsible for the so-called “workflow of the Revolution”. Later on Yakov’s father began to sell illegal literature and even arms. He also tried to plan various escapes, occasionally succeeding. From then on, Sverdlov’s life was devoted to politics, spending much of it in prison or internal exile. A number of sources claim that Sverdlov played a leading role in the execution of Tsar Nicholas II and his family. During one of his periods on the run, he married his second wife Klavdia Novgorodtseva, who bore him two children and stayed with Sverdlov until the end of his days. Eyewitnesses described Schillinger as a sadist, and he was … Sverdlov died at the age of 34 in March 1919, from the so-called Spanish fever. The Nazi officer who was by all accounts shot to death in the incident was Josef Schillinger, a butcher in civilian life who had enlisted in the SS in 1939 and was dispatched to Auschwitz. He led the campaign to create the peace treaty admitting Russia’s defeat in World War I, known as the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Since its inception in early 2016, the show has broken download records and sparked an enthusiastic, interactive 'Murderino' fan base who come out in droves for their sold-out worldwide tours. The family lived from hand to mouth. Plot. ... accessed ), memorial page for Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov (3 Jun … Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov (Russian: Яков Михайлович Свердлов; 3 June 1885 – 16 March 1919), was a Bolshevik Party administrator and chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee from 1917 to 1919. Old … At the age of 32 he was one of the key figures behind the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution. Yakov’s relationship with his teachers was far from perfect. Yakov, in spite of the poverty he experienced during his youth, was brought up in the traditions of the Russian intelligentsia, and found Stalin’s manners lacking. Yakov Sverdlov's life is certainly deserving of serious study, but readers should be warned that this biography is a hagiography written by a Stalinist hack. He died after contracting typhus at the age of 33. According to one version, it was after contracting influenza on a political trip to Kharkiv, while a second version holds that he was killed by anti-Semitic workers in Oryol, in the Urals, and the crime was covered up by the authorities. The telegram was also signed by Yakov M. Sverdlov, the head of state, for whom this city, which was called Yekaterinburg at the time of the killing, was renamed in 1924. In between he married twice and had several children. He distributed social-democratic literature and raised funds for party needs. ... who after his death became the Empress Catherine (Yekaterina) I (1684-1727). All in all, Sverdlov was arrested 14 times. According to a third version, he was heavily hit by a worker at a Moscow factory. The town was the site of a big lumberyard and a huge number of workers. In April, Sverdlov went to the Urals to oversee the party activity in the city of Ekaterinburg. Almost a century ago, Ekaterinburg was renamed Sverdlovsk and lived with the Bolshevik name for 67 years, until 1991, after the fall of the Soviet Union, the city returned to its historical name. They apparently began as friends, but their relations declined after several years together. In 1902 Sverdlov joined the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party. By that time he had been placed in charge of several Bolshevik organizations in the Ural Mountains region. At his funeral Lenin said "Comrades, today, when the workers of all … Yakov Sverdlov, in an undated photograph. For example, Sverdlov would wash his dishes after every meal, but Stalin did not bother to, occasionally giving his plate to his dog to lick it clean. your password At the time, Sverdlov was the official head of the country, but in reality he always took orders from Lenin. In all critical circumstances Sverdlov displayed unquestionable loyalty to Lenin. Date of birth: 3 June 1885 Nizhny Novgorod: Date of death: 16 March 1919 Moscow: Manner of death: natural causes; Cause of death: 1918-1920 flu pandemic; influenza; Place of burial: Kremlin Wall Necropolis; Country of citizenship: Russian Empire; Russian Republic; Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (1918-1923) Educated … RJ implies that Yakov was a feminist, having been creating a congress for her friends Alexandra Kollontai and Inessa Armand. He supported acts of violence against those loyal to the Tsar, a policy later known as “The Red Terror”. Now, before the encounter, RJ talks to Yakov. Sverdlov died at the age of 34 in March 1919, from the so-called Spanish fever. During that period he developed a reputation as one of the party's leading public speakers. Kamenev was arrested in 1935 following the assassination of Sergei Kirov and made a chief defendant in 1936 Trial of the Sixteen, which marked the start of the Great Purge. The curriculum was more concerned with the speedy training of party militants rather than in developing any depth of knowledge. However, to this day the region around Ekaterinburg is still called the “Sverdlovsk region”. Its founding rector was Vladimir Nevsky.. This was the beginning of a period of time from 1906 until 1917 when he was mostly either imprisoned or exiled. Yakov Sverdlov There are still many versions of Sverdlov’s mysterious death on March, 16, 1919. Feedback It is also well documented that Yurovsky had visited the Bolshevik leadership in Moscow, and notably Sverdlov, only a few weeks before the killing took place. Biography Early life Yakov Mikhailovich Yurovsky was the eighth of ten children born to Mikhail Yurovsky, a glazier, and his wife Ester … In his diaries, Leon Trotsky quotes Sverdlov telling him that he, Lenin and other party leaders decided to kill the czar and his immediate family, while other sources dismiss the report as mere folklore. Legal disclaimer Yakov’s father Mikhail (or Moishe, as they called him) took a second underground job forging various documents and stamps for revolutionaries to pay for his children’s education. Cause of death: 1918-1920 flu pandemic; influenza; Place of burial: Kremlin Wall Necropolis; Country of citizenship: Russian Empire; Russian Republic; Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic; Educated at: gymnasium; Nizhny Novgorod Gymnasium; Occupation: ... Media in category "Yakov Sverdlov" The following 49 files are in this category, out of 49 total. If his name is not well-known today, at least in the West, it’s probably because of his early death, at 33, under mysterious circumstances that are still in dispute. In January 1918, Sverdlov played an important role in persuading the Bolshevik leaders to support the closure of the Russian Parliament, a constituent assembly that represented various political parties. Yakov was expelled from school due to truancy and poor behavior and by 1902, he had joined the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party. In Lenin's absence, it was Sverdlov who presided at the Central Committee meetings. Yakov Yurovsky was a Russian revolutionary, a Soviet state and party leader, a Chekist. It was a time of revolutionary fervor and Moishe was highly politicized: He allowed his home to be used to store weapons and to shelter revolutionaries. He became head of the Bolshevik Secretariat, in effect head of personnel. Yakov was exiled to Turukhansk in Eastern Siberia. One of the scenes shows Yurovsky speaking to Ni… On April 11, 1857, the Russian Emperor Alexander II set standards for the depiction of the National Emblem of the Russian Empire, which existed without major changes until the onset of the Soviet regime in 1917, and was brought back to life in the 1990s.…. After the 1917 February Revolution, Sverdlov returned to the capital which at that time had been renamed Petrograd. Mr. Yakov Mikhailovich Yurovsky (Russian: Я́ков Миха́йлович Юро́вский; 19 June [O.S. According to the online Russiapedia, Stalin’s bad manners annoyed Sverdlov, who also didn’t appreciate it when Stalin named his dog Yasha, a diminutive of Yakov. 1974: A violinist who survived Stalin’s purges dies on tour, 1948: Stalin's secret police murder a Yiddish actor, 'The USSR is our second homeland,' said one kibbutznik when Stalin died, Putin: First Soviet government was mostly Jewish, Netanyahu's Party Pressures Far-right Ally, Prepares for Yet Another Election, Netanyahu's Party Pressures Far-right Ally, Prepares for Yet Another Israeli Election. Green. © Haaretz Daily Newspaper Ltd. All Rights Reserved, Get email notification for articles from David B. Yurovsky distributed Marxist literature, and when the underground printing house collapsed, he was forced to leave Russia and settled in Berlin, where he joined Lutheranism along with the whole family (three children and wife Maria Yakovlevna). Some modern historians, journalists, and investigators managed to obtain documents proving it was Yakov Sverdlov behind the execution of the royal family that took place near the city of Ekaterinburg on July 16, 1918. © Autonomous Nonprofit Organization “TV-Novosti”, 2005–2021. However, he saved Lenin several times, as there were moments when Sverdlov was the only member of the Central Committee to support the mastermind of the revolution, and all the deputies only later took his side. Contact us There are still many contradictory legends in circulation about the death of Yakov Dzhugashvili, as there are about all the important events in his life. Sverdlov is commonly believed to have died of either typhus or more likely the Spanish flu, after a political visit to the Ukraine and Oryol. After his wife’s death in 1900, Mikhail converted himself and his family to the Russian Orthodox church and married Maria Aleksandrovna Kormiltsev and had two more sons (Herman and Alexander). For three years he shared his flat with another exiled revolutionary, Joseph Stalin, the future notorious Soviet ruler. His father was Mikhail “Moishe” Izrailevich Sverdlov, an engraver who sometimes forged official stamps and documents to support his family. In any case, as chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee from the revolution until his death a little over a year later, Sverdlov was the nominal head of state, although it’s generally acknowledged that Lenin called the shots. Sverdlov is commonly believed to have died of either typhus or most likely influenza, during the 1918 flu pandemic, after a political visit to Oryol. 7 June] 1878–2 August 1938) was an Old Bolshevik best known as the chief executioner of Emperor Nicholas II of Russia, his family, and four retainers on the night of 16/17 July 1918.. Blumkin met with Trotsky some years later, when the latter was living in exile in Constantinople. 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