Statistical testing for multiplicative interactions was examined by adding a product term between alcohol intake and potential modifier into the regression model. Analyzed the data: RL XG HC. We prospectively examined total alcohol consumption and consumption of specific types of alcoholic beverage in relation to future risk of PD.The study comprised 306,895 participants (180,235 male and 126,660 female) ages 50–71 years in 1995–1996 from the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Click through the PLOS taxonomy to find articles in your field.For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click

Consumption of alcoholic beverages in the past 12 months was assessed in 1995–1996. Several epidemiological studies have investigated the association between alcohol intake and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD).

PLOS is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) corporation, #C2354500, based in San Francisco, California, US Compared with non-beer drinkers, the multivariate ORs for beer drinkers were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.92) for <1 drink/day, 0.73 (95% CI: 0.50, 1.07) for 1–1.99 drinks/day, and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.60, 1.21) for ≥2 drinks/day.
2020 Jan;35(1):55-74. doi: 10.1002/mds.27836.

This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Various types of alcohol have been studied in relation to causation of the disease. 1-3 Results from some studies suggest a modestly lower PD risk 4-6 with increasing alcohol intake whereas others did not find a protective effect. Epub 2008 Dec 8.Scholz A, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, Garcia de la Hera M, Gimenez-Monzo D, Gonzalez-Palacios S, Valera-Gran D, Torres-Collado L, Vioque J.Gac Sanit.

Neurology. All statistical analyses were performed using SAS, version 9.1 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC).

2019 Aug 22;17(1):104. doi: 10.1186/s12964-019-0424-5.Boulos C, Yaghi N, El Hayeck R, Heraoui GN, Fakhoury-Sayegh N.Nutrients. In addition, due to the observational nature of this analysis, we could not exclude the possibility of residual or unmeasured confounding.

The few existing prospective studies also showed inconsistent results.

Figure 1. Additional analyses among exclusive drinkers of one specific type of alcoholic beverage supported the robustness of these findings. Parkinson's disease risks associated with cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and caffeine intake. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Background The epidemiologic evidence on alcohol consumption and Parkinson’s disease (PD) is equivocal.

2020 Mar 27;21(7):2316. doi: 10.3390/ijms21072316.Kim IY, Yang TO, Heath AK, Simpson RF, Reeves GK, Green J, Floud S, Brown A, Hunter DJ, Beral V, Sweetland S; Million Women Study Collaborators.Mov Disord. Checkoway H, Powers K, Smith-Weller T, Franklin GM, Longstreth WT Jr, Swanson PD.

Name must be less than 100 characters The epidemiologic evidence on alcohol consumption and Parkinson’s disease (PD) is equivocal. Epub 2015 Dec 3.J Diabetes Investig.

Specific types of alcoholic beverage consumption were first analyzed individually and then mutually adjusted for each other. Finally, we conducted several sensitivity and stratified analyses to examine the nature and robustness of our key findings.

Epub 2019 Nov 26.Potashkin J, Huang X, Becker C, Chen H, Foltynie T, Marras C.Mov Disord.

Unable to load your delegates due to an error Free PMC article We only assessed the frequency and portion size of alcohol consumption in the past 12 months prior to baseline, therefore we were unable to examine lifetime alcohol consumption or drinking patterns in relation to PD risk. Substantial contributions analysis and interpretation of data; revising it critically for important intellectual content; and final approval of the version to be published: RL XG YP JW XH AH AB HC.For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click Alcohol Consumption, Types of Alcohol, and Parkinson's Disease.

Our finding of differential associations with specific types of alcoholic beverages suggests mechanisms involving factors other than or in addition to ethanol itself.